How To Short A Dc Motor
In electrical motors, series circuits and parallel circuits are commonly known as series and shunt. Therefore, in DC motors the connections of the field windings, every bit well every bit the armature, can be done parallel which is known as DC shunt motor. The primary divergence between DC series motor as well as DC shunt motor mainly includes the structure, operation, and speed characteristics. This motor gives features similar easy reversing control, speed regulation, and starting torque is depression. Thus, this motor can be used for belt-driven applications inside automotive as well every bit industrial applications.
What is a DC Shunt Motor?
A DC shunt motor is a type of self-excited DC motor, and information technology is also known every bit a shunt wound DC motor. The field windings in this motor can be connected in parallel to the armature winding. So both windings of this motor volition expose to the equal voltage power supply, and this motor maintains an invariable speed with any kind of load. This motor has a depression starting torque and as well runs at a constant speed.
Structure and Working Principle
The DC shunt motor structure is the same as whatsoever type of DC motor. This motor can be constructed with basic parts like field windings (stator), a commutator, and an armature (rotor).
The working principle of a DC Shunt Motor is, whenever a DC motor is turned ON, and then DC flows throughout the stator too as the rotor. This electric current flow will generate two fields namely the pole as well equally the armature.
In the air gap betwixt armature and field shoes, there are two magnetic fields, and they will reply with each other for revolving the armature.
The commutator overturns the armature current flow direction at ordinary gaps. So the armature field is repelled with pole field for all fourth dimension, it keeps revolving the armature within an equal management.
DC-Shunt Motor Circuit Diagram
The DC shunt motor circuit diagram is shown below, and the flow of current and voltage being supplied to the motor from the supply can exist given past Itotal & E.
In case of the shunt wound DC motor, this current supply will divide into ii ways like Ia,& Ish, where 'Ia' volition supply throughout the 'Ra' resistance armature winding. In the same way, 'Ish' will supply through the 'Rsh' resistance field winding.
Therefore, we tin can write information technology equally Itotal = Ia + Ish
We know that Ish = E/ Rsh
Otherwise Ia = Itotal- Ish= E/Ra
Generally, when the DC motor is in a running state & the voltage supply voltage is stable and the shunt field current given past
Ish = E/Rsh
But nosotros know that the armature current is proportional to the field flux (Ish ∝ Φ). Thus the Φ remains more than otherwise less stable, due to this reason; a shunt wound DC motor tin can be named as a constant flux motor.
Back EMF in DC Shunt Motor
Whenever the DC shunt motor's armature winding rotates within the magnetic field which is generated past the field winding. Thus an e.yard.f tin can be stimulated within the armature winding based on the Faradays law (electromagnetic induction). Although, according to Lenz's law, the induced e.thousand.f tin act within reverse management toward the armature voltage supply.
Thus, this e.one thousand.f is named as the dorsum due east.thousand.f, & it is represented with Eb. Mathematically, this tin be expressed every bit,
Eb = (PφNZ) / 60A V
Where P = no. of poles
Φ = Flux for each pole within Wb
N = Motor'due south speed in revolutions per minute
Z = No. of armature conductors
A = No. of parallel lanes
DC Shunt Motor Speed Control
The speed characteristic of a shunt motor is dissimilar compared with a serial motor. As a DC Shunt motor attains its complete speed, so the armature electric current tin exist directly continued to the motor load. When the load is extremely low within a shunt motor, then the armature current can also exist below. When the DC motor attains its complete speed, then it remains stable.
The DC shunt motor speed can exist controlled very easily. The speed tin exist maintained constant until the load changes. Once the load changes, then the armature tends to delay, which will result in less back eastward.m.f. Thus, the DC motor volition draw actress current, this will consequence in enhancing within torque to gain speed.
So, whenever the load enhances, the cyberspace outcome of load on speed in a motor is approximately nil. Similarly, once the load decreases, then the armature achieves speed & produces extra dorsum e.m.f.
The DC shunt motor speed tin can be controlled in two means
- Past altering the sum of current flowing through the shunt windings
- By altering the sum of current flowing through the armature
In full general, DC motors announced with a item rated voltage & speed in (revolutions per infinitesimal. One time this motor functions under its complete voltage, so the torque will exist reduced.
Brake Examination on DC Shunt Motor
The brake test is the one kind of load exam on the dc shunt motor. Generally, this exam can be done for the low-rated DC machines. The main reason for doing this examination is to identify the efficiency and as well by using this test, the output of mechanical power can be calculated & separated the same past using electrical input. So this is the reason to calculate the efficiency of the DC motor, this exam is used. Therefore, this type of examination cannot be employed on superior-rated machines.
Characteristics of DC Shunt Motor
The characteristics of a shunt DC motor include the post-obit.
- This DC motor works at a fixed speed once the voltage supply is set.
- This DC motor is upturned by the turn around the motor connections like a serial motor.
- In this type of DC motor, by a rising motor current, torque can be improved without reducing in speed.
DC Shunt Motor Applications
The applications of shunt DC motor include the following.
- These motors are used wherever stable speed is required.
- This kind of DC motor can be used in Centrifugal Pumps, Lifts, Weaving Machine, Lathe Machines, Blowers, Fans, Conveyors, Spinning machines, etc.
Thus, this is all about an overview of the DC shunt motor. From the higher up information finally, we can conclude that these motors are ideal where verbal speed control is needed due to their cocky-regulating speed capacities. The applications of this motor mainly incorporate machines instruments similar grinders, latches & industrial tools like compressors every bit well as fans. Here is a question for you lot, what are the Advantages and Disadvantages of a DC shunt motor?
Source: https://www.elprocus.com/dc-shunt-motor-construction-working-principle-circuit-diagram/
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